English Softskill 2

I.                    TEXT

Years ago, young children used to say that they wanted to become train drivers or bus drivers. Today, some children say, “when I grow up I want to be an astronaut”. And its quite possible that some of these children will do just that. In a few years we have made enormous progress toward living and working in space.

Here are some important dates in the history of space travel.

 1957, The rusians send a rocket into space and sputnik 1, the first satellite, is sent into orbit around the earth. 1961, Yuri Gagarin become first man in space. 1969, The American put a man on the moon. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) astronaut, Neil Amstrong, becomes the first man to walk on the moon.

1971, NASA launches Mariner 9. Five months later, it becomes the first spceship to orbit the planet Mars. 1973, Pioneer 10 was launched by the USA. The tittle spacecraft has already gone beyond the nine planets and passed out of the solar system. It will travel billions of miles and journey past distant stars to the farthest points in the universe.

1977, NASA launches Voyagers 1 and 2. These two spacecraft fly close by and photograph the four large outer planets of the solar system : Jupiter in 1979 ; Saturn in 1980-1981 ; Uranus in 1986 ; Neptune in 1989.

1982, NASA launches the space shuttle Columbia. This is the first manned spaceship to leave the earth and return, so that it can be used again. 1990’s both the Soviets and the Americans plan to build huge space stations which will orbit the earth. There are plans to continue to put a man on Mars.

Taken from Vocabulary Builder.

II.                  ESSAY QUESTION

1.       What children dreams a few years ago?

2.       What  children’s dream after they grow up?

3.       Why its quite possible that some of these children want to be astronaut ?

4.       Who is the first American landed on the moon?

5.       When the first satellite sent into the orbit ?

6.       ‘it’ in the paragraph two line five, refer to?

7.       Mention the four large outer planets of the solar system!

8.       What is the plan that Americans and soviet would do in 1990?

9.       These in the paragraph two line 13, refer to?

10.   What is stands for NASA?

 

III.                MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.       The text focus on the information about?

a.       The successful mission of sending astrounauts to te moon

b.      The important dates of the launching of spacecraft

c.       The success of the soviets outer space project

d.      The observation on certain planets

2.       What is the best tittle to the text?

a.        Children dreams

b.      NASSA observation

c.       Soviet’s spacecraft

d.      History of space travel

3.       The first spaceship to orbit the planet Mars is...

a.       Mariner 9

b.      Sputnik 1

c.       Voyager 1

d.      Pioneer 10

4.       The Americans launched Pioneer 10 in...

a.       1957

b.      1969

c.       1973

d.      1971

5.       Which statement is not true according to the text?

a.       NASA launched Voyager in 1971

b.      The first man in space was in 1961

c.       The first satellite was sent by rusisians

d.      The space shuttle colombia can be used for more than once.

6.       There are some outer planets of the solar system, exept...

a.       Neptune

b.      Uranus

c.       Saturn

d.      Earth

7.       The first manned spaceship that can leave the earth and return again, called?

a.       Launches mariner 9

b.      Space shuttle Columbia

c.       Rocket

d.      Pioneer 10

8.       Who is the first man in the space?

 a.       Neil amstrong

 b.      Sputnik

 c.       Yuri Gagarin

 d.      NASA

9.       Pioneer 10 was launched by?

a.       USA

b.      NASA

c.       Soviet

d.      Columbia

10.   What is the type of the text?

a.       anecdote

b.      Narative

c.       Explanation

d.      procedure

IV.                TRUE OR FALSE

1.       NASA launched Voyager in 1971   (T/F)

2.       The first man in space was in 1961  (T/F)

3.       The first satellite was sent by rusians  (T/F)

4.       The space shuttle colombia can be used for more than once.(T/F)

5.       Neil Amstong is the first man to walk on the moon. (T/F)

6.       Pioneer 10 was launched by the Russian (T/F)

7.       Soviets launches Voyagers 1 and 2  (T/F)

8.  Americans plan to build huge space satation (T/F)

9.       Mars is one of the outer planets of the solar system. (T/F)

10.   Uranuss is one of the outer planets of the solar sytem (T/F)

V.                  ANSWER KEY

v  Essay

1.       they wanted to become train drivers or bus drivers

2.       they want to be an Astronaut

3.       it is quite possible because In a few years we have made enormous progress toward living and working in space.

4.       Neil Armstrong

5.       In 1957

6.       Mariner 9

7.       Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

8.       They plan to build huge space stations which will orbit the earth.

9.       Voyagers 1 and 2

10.   National Aeronautics and Space Administration

v  Multiple Choice

1.       B

2.       D

3.       A

4.       C

5.       A

6.       D

7.       B

8.       C

9.       A

10.   C

v  True or False

1.       F

2.       T

3.       T

4.       T

5.       T

6.       F

7.       F

8.       T

9.       F

10.   T

TENSES

CHAPTER 1:

DEFINITION OF TENSES

Definition :

Tense is A verb form that indicates, or can indicate, a relationship between the time the action in a verb occurs and the time the verb is uttered. A verb tense can also give an indication of the duration of the verb's action and when or if it is completed.

English uses conjugation to indicate simple present and simple past tenses. "I speak" is in the present tense, while "I spoke" is in the past tense. English uses auxiliary verbs to indicate other tenses. Thus "I will speak" is in the future tense, while "I had spoken" and "I have spoken" are in the past perfect and present perfect tenses, respectively. A progressive tense ("I am speaking") can be used to indicate that the action is continuing.

CHAPTER 2 :

KINDS OF TENSES

A.      PRESENT TENSE

1.       SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple present is also called present simple.

The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + V1 / Vs / es

v  Nominal Sentence :

S + to be (is,am,are) + Complement

                Time Signal :

Usually, regularly,sometimes, never, often, everyday, everyweek, once a week, habitually, frequently, etc.

2.       PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future.Present progressive is also known as present continuous

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + to be (is,am,are) + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + tobe (is,am,are) + being + Complement (C)

                Time Signal :

                Now, at this moment, right now, today, this year, etc.

3.       PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result. Represent something that has happened (has finished) when speaking at.

Form of Present Perfect

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / you / we / they	I have spoken.	I have not spoken.	Have I spoken?
he / she / it	He has spoken.	He has not spoken.	Has he spoken?

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + Have/has + V3

v  Nominal Sentence

S + Have/has +been + C

                Time Signal :

                Since.... , for..... , already, just, yet, all the day, never, ever, etc.

4.       PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Present perfect continous tense, stated an event or events that began in the past and now still in progress (unfinished).

Form of Present Perfect continous Tense :

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / you / we / they	I have been speaking.	I have not been speaking.	Have I been speaking?
he / she / it	He has been speaking.	He has not been speaking.	Has he been speaking?

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + Have/has + been + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + Have/has + been + being + C

                Time Signal :

                Same as time signal in present perfect tense.

B.      PAST  TENSE

1.     1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.

	Positive	Negative	Question
no differences	I spoke.	I did not speak.	Did I speak?

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + V2

v  Nominal Sentence

S + to be (was,were) + C

                Time Signal :

                Yesterday, last...., this morning, .....before, ....ago, just now, etc.

2.      2.  PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

The past progressive or pas continous tense, puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past. its function is to express something that is going on in the past at other events going on

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / he / she / it	I was speaking.	I was not speaking.	Was I speaking?
you / we / they	You were speaking.	You were not speaking.	Were you speaking?

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + to be (was,were) + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + to be (was,were) +being + C

Time Signal :

                At the moment, at the time, at five o’clock yesterday, etc.

3.      3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past. its function is to express something that has occurred on or before another eventoccurred in the past.

	Positive	Negative	Question
no differences	I had spoken.	I had not spoken.	Had I spoken?

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + Had + V3

v  Nominal Sentence

S + Had + been + C

                Time Signal :

                For..., Since..., by..., after...., before..., etc.

4.       4. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

The past perfect progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action taking place before a certain time in the past. its function is to express something that has occurred or has begun in the past and stilloccurs at other events in the past occurred.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + Had + been + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + had + been + being + C

                Time Signal :

                As Same as time signal in Past perfect tense.

C.      FUTURE TENSE

1.       SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the future that cannot be influenced. Future Tense or Future Simple is used to declare events Will Happen.

	positive	negative	question
no differences	I will speak.	I will not speak.	Will I speak?

Formula :

v  Verbial Tense

S + will/shall + V1

v  Nominal Sentence

S + will/shall +be + C

Time Signal :

Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next..., this coming..., etc

2.       FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Future continous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat tertentu di masa depan.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + will/shall + be +Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + will/shall + be +being + C

Time Signal :

At this time tomorow, at.. o’clock tomorow, etc.

3.       FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future perfect tense is used to declare an event that would have been completed  prior to or during other events occur in the future.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + will/shall + have + V3

v  Nominal Sentence

S + will/shall +have been + C

Time Signal :

By next... , by the end of ... , by then, for ..., etc.

4.       FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Future perfect continuous tense is used to declare an event that would have been started and is still going when other events occur in the future.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence

S + will/shall + have + been + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence

S + will/shall +have been +being + C

                         Time Signal :

                         As same as time signal in future perfect tense.

D.      PAST FUTURE TENSE

1.       SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Future Simple Past Tense is used to reveal the events that will happen in the past (notpresent, the opposite of the simple future tense).

Formula

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + Would / should + V1

v  Nominal Sentence

S + Would / should + be + C

                Time Signal :

                Yesterday, the following day, the day before.

2.       PAST FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

We use the past future continous or past progressive tense, to tell an action that will be happening in the past.

Formula

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + Would / should + be + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence :

S + Would / should + be + being + C

                Time Signal :

                On Sunday last week, at the time, the following day.

3.       PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Pefect Future Past Tense is used to express action that will be done in the past (pleasecompare the difference with the Future Perfect Tense).

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + Would / should + have + V3

v  Nominal Sentence :

S + Would / should + have + been +C

4.       PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Is used to reveal the events that would have been going on in the past.

Formula :

v  Verbal Sentence :

S + Would / should + have + been + Ving

v  Nominal Sentence :

S + Would / should + have been being + C

CHAPTER 3 :

EXAMPLE SENTENCE OF TENSES

A.      PRESENT TENSE

1.       SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Ø  Aidha writes a letter .

Ø  We catch the bus every morning.

Ø  Open the book now!

Ø  Water freezes at zero degrees.

Ø  She usually eats fish.

2.       PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha is writing a letter.

Ø  She is studying now.

Ø  The actor is being very famous this year.

Ø  Aidha is improving her english this month.

Ø  My father is gardening at this moment.

3.       PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Ø  Aidha has written a letter.

Ø  We have just read your message.

Ø  The cat has stolen my cake.

Ø  Aidha has been here for three days.

Ø  I have been here for two weeks.

4.       PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha has been writing a letter.

Ø  Aidha has been linving in Indonesia for five years.

Ø  I have been waiting for you for hours.

Ø  Panji has been being a doctor for more than four years.

Ø  I have been sitting here sice seven o’clock.

B.      PAST TENSE

1.       SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Ø  Aidha wrote a letter.

Ø  She called you two hours ago.

Ø  Aprilia got an accident yesterday.

Ø  I visited windy last week.

Ø  When i was a child, i had many friends.

2.       PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha was writting a letter

Ø  When I was cleaning my room this morning, my father called me.

Ø  While Dikky was reading newspaper, his brother was having dinner last night.

Ø  I was driving my car when suddenly I saw a car in my lane.

Ø  He came while I was sleeping.

3.       PAST PERFECT TENSE

Ø  Aidha had written a letter

Ø  I went to school after I had finished my homework this morning.

Ø  Dimas had not known Lala before they met last month in Jakarta.

Ø  I had typed my paper before he offered his help.

Ø  The band had already released the first album when Brian joined it.

4.       PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha had been writing a letter.

Ø  The man had been playing with his son when his wife went out.

Ø  Reni had been working at the office for a year when I met her there.

Ø  Lidya had been being in her room when the thieve sneaked inside.

Ø  Lulu had been ironing her blouse for five minutes before she called her friends this morning.

C.      FUTURE TENSE

1.       SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Ø  Aidha will write a letter

Ø  I will lend you money tomorrow.

Ø  Dimas will be a pilot someday.

Ø  We shall die someday.

Ø  I shall go in spite of the rain.

2.       FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha will be writing a letter.

Ø  I will be being at home at this time tomorrow.

Ø  Arumi will be wathcing korean movie when you arrive at seven o’clock tomorrow.

Ø  Why will Henry be singing asong when his father come tonight?

Ø  My father will not be watering the plants tomorrow afternoon when mother come from office.

3.       FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Ø  Aidha will have written a letter.

Ø  Don’t worry, I will have finished my breakfast when you come.

Ø  Nana will have prepared the party by next Saturday.

Ø  Tyas will have been in Jogja for a week by then.

Ø  My boss will have been here tomorrow morning by the time the employees come.

4.       FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha will have been writing a letter.

Ø  The babby will have been sleeping when you go home.

Ø  Devi will have been being with Reno when we call her by Wednesday.

Ø  Next month she will have been working here for three months.

Ø  Don’t worry, when you come to my house tonight I will not have been watching TV.

D.      PAST FUTURE TENSE

1.       SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Ø  Aidha would write a letter.

Ø  If I had much money, I would be very happy.

Ø  Yulia came when I would go to the market yesterday.

Ø  He said that he would help me the next day.

Ø  Husein would not typed that letter if his boss came yesterday.

2.       PAST FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha would be writing  a letter .

Ø  Yesterday Fifi told us that she would be working at nine o’clock the following day.

Ø  He knew that I would be being at campus at three o’clock the next two days.

Ø  Herman would be typing when you visited him yesterday.

Ø  Would you be living in Yogya the following year.

3.       PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Ø  Aidha would have written a letter.

Ø  If you liked it, you would have bought it last week.

Ø  Yesterday morning Joko would have been in his office if Eddy came earlier.

Ø  Our team would have won the match if they had played better.

Ø  If we read book, we would have understood its content last month.

4.       PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø  Aidha would have been writing a letter.

Ø  Last week Herry would have been staying in jogja if he could meet his friend.

Ø  Ratna would not have been crying if her doll was not in her room.

Ø  Would your grandpa have been giving you some money if you wanted to come to his house?

Ø  Last years Rintan Would have been working in the bank for twenty.

               

Refrence :

1.       http://spanish.about.com/cs/verbs/g/tenseglos.htm

2.       www.ego4u.com

3.       Arum Muftia, Bahas Tuntas Bahasa Inggris SMA, Pustaka Wudyatama, Yogyakarta, 2010.

4.       Wardhana Dony, Cara Cerdas menguasai Tenses, Kawan Pustaka, Jakarta, 2008.